4. Samāsakaṇḍa
Atha nāmameva aññamaññasambandhīnaṃ samāsoti nāmanissitattā, sayañca nāmikattā nāmānantaraṃ samāso vuccate.
So ca saññāvasena chabbidho abyayībhāvo kammadhārayo digu tappuriso bahubbīhi dvando cāti.
Abyayībhāvasamāsa
Tatra paṭhamaṃ abyayībhāvasamāso vuccate;
So ca niccasamāsoti assapadaviggaho.
‘‘Upanagaraṃ’’itīdha – upasaddato paṭhamekavacanaṃ si, tassa upasaggaparattā ‘‘sabbāsamāvusopasagganipātādīhi cā’’ti lopo, nagarasaddato chaṭṭhekavacanaṃ sa, nagarassa samīpanti aññapadena viggahe –
‘‘Nāmānaṃ samāso yuttattho’’ti samāsavidhāne sabbattha vattate.
330.Upasagganipātapubbako abyayībhāvo.
Upasaggapubbako, nipātapubbako ca nāmiko yuttattho teheva attapubbakehi upasagganipātehi saha niccaṃ samasīyate, so ca samāso abyayībhāvasañño hoti. Idha abyayībhāvādisaññāvidhāyakasuttāneva vā saññāvidhānamukhena samāsavidhāyakānīti daṭṭhabbāni.
Tattha abyayamiti upasagganipātānaṃ saññā, liṅgavacanabhedepi byayarahitattā, abyayānaṃ atthaṃ vibhāvayatīti abyayībhāvo abyayatthapubbaṅgamattā, anabyayaṃ abyayaṃ bhavatīti vā abyayībhāvo. Pubbapadatthappadhāno hi abyayībhāvo, ettha ca ‘‘upasagganipātapubbako’’ti vuttattā upasagganipātānameva pubbanipāto.
331.Nāmānaṃ samāso yuttattho.
Tesaṃ nāmānaṃ payujjamānapadatthānaṃ yo yuttattho, so samāsasañño hoti, tadaññaṃ vākyamiti ruḷhaṃ.
Nāmāni syādivibhatyantāni, samassateti samāso, saṅkhipiyatīti attho.
Vuttañhi
‘‘Samāso padasaṅkhepo, padappaccayasaṃhitaṃ;
Taddhitaṃ nāma hotevaṃ, viññeyyaṃ tesamantara’’nti.
Duvidhañcassa samasanaṃ saddasamasanamatthasamasanañca, tadubhayampi luttasamāse paripuṇṇameva labbhati. Aluttasamāse pana atthasamasanameva vibhattilopābhāvato, tatthāpi vā ekapadattūpagamanato duvidhampi labbhateva. Dve hi samāsassa payojanāni ekapadattamekavibhattittañcāti.
Yutto attho yuttatto, atha vā yutto saṅgato, sambandho vā attho yassa soyaṃ yuttattho, etena saṅgatatthena yuttatthavacanena bhinnatthānaṃ ekatthībhāvo samāsalakkhaṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. Ettha ca ‘‘nāmāna’’nti vacanena ‘‘devadatto pacatī’’tiādīsu ākhyātena samāso na hotīti dasseti. Sambandhatthena pana yuttatthaggahaṇena ‘‘bhaṭo rañño putto devadattassā’’tiādīsu aññamaññānapekkhesu, ‘‘devadattassa kaṇhā dantā’’tiādīsu ca aññasāpekkhesu ayuttatthatāya samāso na hotīti dīpeti.
‘‘Atthavasā vibhattivipariṇāmo’’ti vipariṇāmena ‘‘yuttatthāna’’nti vattate.
332.Tesaṃ vibhattiyo lopā ca.
Idha padantarena vā taddhitappaccayehi vā āyādippaccayehi vā ekatthībhūtā yuttatthā nāma, tena ‘‘tesaṃ yuttatthānaṃ samāsānaṃ, taddhitāyādippaccayantānañca vibhattiyo lopanīyā hontī’’ti attho. Samāsaggahaṇādhikāre pana sati tesaṃgahaṇena vā taddhitāyādippaccayanta vibhattilopo. Caggahaṇaṃ ‘‘pabhaṅkaro’’tiādīsu lopanivattanatthaṃ.
Vipariṇāmena ‘‘luttāsu, vibhattīsū’’ti vattate, yuttatthaggahaṇañca.
333.Pakati cassa sarantassa.
Luttāsu vibhattīsu sarantassa assa yuttatthabhūtassa tividhassapi liṅgassa pakatibhāvo hoti. Casaddena kiṃsamudaya idappaccayatādīsu niggahītantassapi. Nimittābhāve nemittakābhāvassa idha anicchitattā ayamatideso.
Sakatthavirahenidha samāsassa ca liṅgabhāvābhāvā vibhattuppattiyamasampattāyaṃ nāmabyapadesātidesamāha.
334.Taddhitasamāsakitakā nāmaṃvā’tavetunādīsu ca.
Taddhitantā , kitantā, samāsā ca nāmamiva daṭṭhabbā tavetuna tvāna tvādippaccayante vajjetvā. Caggahaṇaṃ kiccappaccayaāīinīitthippaccayantādissapi nāmabyapadesatthaṃ. Idha samāsaggahaṇaṃ atthavataṃ samudāyānaṃ nāmabyapadeso samāsassevāti niyamatthanti apare.
‘‘Abyayībhāvo’’ti vattate.
335.So napuṃsakaliṅgo.
So abyayībhāvasamāso napuṃsakaliṅgova daṭṭhabboti napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃ. Ettha hi satipi liṅgātidese ‘‘adhipañña’’ntiādīsu ‘‘adhiñāṇaṃ’’ntiādi rūpappasaṅgo na hoti saddantarattā, ‘‘tipañña’’ntiādīsu viyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ, na cāyaṃ atideso, sutte atidesaliṅgassa ivasaddassa adassanato. Pure viya syādyuppatti.
‘‘Kvacī’’ti vattate.
336.Aṃ vibhattīnamakārantā abyayībhāvā.
Tasmā akārantā abyayībhāvā parāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ kvaci aṃ hoti, sesaṃ neyyaṃ.
Taṃ upanagaraṃ, nagarassa samīpaṃ tiṭṭhatīti attho. Tāni upanagaraṃ, ālapanepevaṃ, taṃ upanagaraṃ passa, tāni upanagaraṃ.
Na pañcamyāyamambhāvo, kvacīti adhikārato;
Tatiyāsattamīchaṭṭhī-nantu hoti vikappato.
Tena upanagaraṃ kataṃ, upanagarena vā, tehi upanagaraṃ, upanagarehi vā, tassa upanagaraṃ dehi, tesaṃ upanagaraṃ, upanagarā ānaya, upanagaramhā upanagarasmā, upanagarehi, upanagaraṃ santakaṃ, upanagarassa vā, tesaṃ upanagaraṃ, upanagarānaṃ vā , upanagaraṃ nidhehi, upanagaramhi upanagarasmiṃ, upanagaraṃ upanagaresu vā. Evaṃ upakumbhaṃ.
Abhāve – darathānaṃ abhāvo niddarathaṃ, nimmasakaṃ.
Pacchāatthe – rathassa pacchā anurathaṃ, anuvātaṃ.
Yoggatāyaṃ – yathāsarūpaṃ, anurūpaṃ, rūpayogganti attho.
Vicchāyaṃ – attānamattānaṃ pati paccattaṃ, addhamāsaṃ addhamāsaṃ anu anvaddhamāsaṃ.
Anupubbiyaṃ – jeṭṭhānaṃ anupubbo anujeṭṭhaṃ.
Paṭilome – sotassa paṭilomaṃ paṭisotaṃ, paṭipathaṃ, pativātaṃ, attānaṃ adhikicca pavattā ajjhattaṃ.
Pariyādābhividhīsu āpāṇakoṭiyā āpāṇakoṭikaṃ, ‘‘kvaci samāsantagatānamakāranto’’ti kappaccayo, ākumārehi yaso kaccāyanassa ākumāraṃ.
Samiddhiyaṃ – bhikkhāya samiddhīti atthe samāseva napuṃsakaliṅgatte ca kate –
‘‘Samāsassa, anto’’ti ca vattate.
337.Saro rasso napuṃsake.
Napuṃsake vattamānassa samāsassa anto saro rasso hoti. Ettha ca abyayībhāvaggahaṇaṃ nānuvattetabbaṃ, tena digudvandabahubbīhīsupi napuṃsake vattamānassa samāsantassarassa rassattaṃ siddhaṃ hoti. ‘‘Aṃ vibhattīna’’miccādinā amādeso, subhikkhaṃ. Gaṅgāya samīpe vattatīti upagaṅgaṃ, maṇikāya samīpaṃ upamaṇikaṃ.
Itthīsu amikiccāti atthe samāsanapuṃsakarassattādīsu katesu –
‘‘Abyayībhāvā, vibhattīna’’nti ca vattate.
338.Aññasmā lopo ca.
Akārantato aññasmā abyayībhāvasamāsā parāsaṃ vibhattīnaṃ lopo ca hoti. Adhitti, itthīsu adhikicca kathā pavattatīti attho. Adhitthi passa, adhitthi kataṃ iccādi, evaṃ adhikumāri, vadhuyā samīpaṃ upavadhu, gunnaṃ samīpaṃ upagu, okārassa rassattaṃ ukāro. Evaṃ upasaggapubbako.
Nipātapubbako yathā – vuḍḍhānaṃ paṭipāṭi, ye ye vuḍḍhā vā yathāvuḍḍhaṃ, padatthānatikkame – yathākkamaṃ, yathāsatti, yathābalaṃ karoti, balamanatikkamitvā karotīti attho. Jīvassa yattako paricchedo yāvajīvaṃ, yāvatāyukaṃ, kappaccayo. Yattakena attho yāvadatthaṃ, pabbatassa parabhāgo tiropabbataṃ, tiropākāraṃ, tirokuṭṭaṃ, pāsādassa anto antopāsādaṃ, antonagaraṃ, antovassaṃ, nagarassa bahi bahinagaraṃ, pāsādassa upari uparipāsādaṃ, uparimañcaṃ, mañcassa heṭṭhā heṭṭhāmañcaṃ, heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ, bhattassa pure purebhattaṃ, evaṃ pacchābhattaṃ.
Sākallatthe – saha makkhikāya samakkhikaṃ bhuñjati, na kiñci parivajjetīti attho. ‘‘Tesu vuddhī’’tiādinā sahasaddassa sādeso. Gaṅgāya oraṃ oragaṅgamiccādi.
Abyayībhāvasamāso niṭṭhito.